Progressive Care Nursing Certification (PCCN) Practice Exam

In post-cardiac surgery patients, a change in condition with acute shortness of breath typically raises suspicion for which complication?

1. Pulmonary edema

2. Cardiac tamponade

3. Hemothorax

4. Pneumonia

The correct answer is: Pulmonary edema

In post-cardiac surgery patients, acute shortness of breath often raises suspicion for pulmonary edema due to the potential for fluid overload or heart failure after surgical intervention. After cardiac surgery, the heart's ability to manage blood volume and pressure may be impaired, especially if there are issues with ventricular function or fluid management. Pulmonary edema can occur as a result of increased pressures in the pulmonary circulation, leading to fluid accumulation in the alveoli, which manifests as difficulty breathing and can be exacerbated by factors such as volume overload. While other complications like cardiac tamponade, hemothorax, and pneumonia can also cause shortness of breath in this population, they often present with additional signs and symptoms that can differentiate them from pulmonary edema. For instance, cardiac tamponade may present with hypotension and jugular venous distention, hemothorax with reduced breath sounds and hypotension from blood loss, and pneumonia typically presents with fever and other systemic signs of infection. Therefore, acute shortness of breath in the context of recent cardiac surgery is most closely associated with pulmonary edema.