Progressive Care Nursing Certification (PCCN) Practice Exam

What condition is characterized by a patient developing shortness of breath and increasing oxygen requirements postoperatively?

1. Pulmonary embolism

2. Pneumothorax

3. Acute heart failure

4. Chronic lung disease exacerbation

The correct answer is: Pulmonary embolism

The condition characterized by a patient developing shortness of breath and increasing oxygen requirements postoperatively is commonly associated with pulmonary embolism. This occurs when a blood clot, often originating from the deep veins of the legs, travels to the lungs, obstructing a pulmonary artery. The resulting blockage can lead to sudden shortness of breath, decreased oxygenation, and can rapidly exacerbate a patient's respiratory status, especially after surgery when patients may already be at higher risk due to immobility and other factors. Postoperative patients can be particularly vulnerable to pulmonary embolism due to factors such as venous stasis, surgical trauma, and possible complications from anesthesia. Given that postoperative patients are often monitored closely, signs of respiratory distress or changes in oxygen requirements can prompt immediate investigation for possible embolic events. Understanding the relationship between a patient's surgical status and the risk factors for pulmonary complications is crucial for early recognition and intervention. Other conditions, while potentially relevant in a postoperative scenario, may not present with the same acute change in respiratory needs as seen with a pulmonary embolism.