Progressive Care Nursing Certification (PCCN) Practice Exam

What is the distinguishing factor between delirium and dementia?

1. Both have a progressive onset

2. Delirium has acute onset; dementia has progressive onset

3. Dementia is more common than delirium

4. No clinical onset difference exists

The correct answer is: Delirium has acute onset; dementia has progressive onset

The distinguishing factor between delirium and dementia is that delirium has an acute onset, while dementia typically has a progressive onset. Delirium is characterized by a sudden change in attention, awareness, and cognition, often fluctuating throughout the day. It can occur due to various factors like infections, medications, or metabolic imbalances. This rapid onset makes it critical for healthcare providers to recognize and address underlying causes promptly. In contrast, dementia is characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive function, often over months or years. The symptoms of dementia tend to develop slowly and progressively worsen over time, impacting daily functioning and independence. Recognizing this difference in onset is vital for proper diagnosis and treatment strategies. It helps differentiate between an acute reversible condition like delirium and a chronic progressive condition like dementia, requiring different management approaches.