Progressive Care Nursing Certification (PCCN) Practice Exam

What is the most common type of anemia?

1. Iron deficiency anemia

2. Pernicious anemia

3. Aplastic anemia

4. Sickle-cell anemia

The correct answer is: Iron deficiency anemia

Iron deficiency anemia is recognized as the most prevalent type of anemia, characterized by a lack of sufficient iron, which is essential for the production of hemoglobin—the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. This condition often arises due to inadequate dietary intake, increased demand in certain life stages (such as pregnancy), or blood loss from menstruation, gastrointestinal bleeding, or other medical issues. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia makes it particularly important in populations at risk, such as pregnant women, children, and those with chronic blood loss. Clinically, it is diagnosed through a combination of red blood cell indices, serum ferritin levels, and a complete blood count, revealing low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. Pernicious anemia, caused by vitamin B12 deficiency often linked to intrinsic factor deficiency, is less common. Aplastic anemia refers to a failure of the bone marrow to produce adequate blood cells and is quite rare. Sickle-cell anemia is an inherited genetic disorder affecting hemoglobin structure in red blood cells and also has a lower incidence compared to iron deficiency anemia. Understanding the distinctions and prevalence of these forms of anemia is key for targeted screening and intervention strategies in nursing practice.