Progressive Care Nursing Certification (PCCN) Practice Exam

What is the most significant risk factor for pulmonary embolism?

1. Hyperglycemia

2. Deep vein thrombus formation

3. Abdominal compartment syndrome

4. Hyperthermia

The correct answer is: Deep vein thrombus formation

Deep vein thrombus formation is recognized as the most significant risk factor for pulmonary embolism because it directly contributes to the development of clots that can travel to the pulmonary arteries. When a clot forms in a deep vein, particularly in the legs, it can dislodge and migrate to the lungs, leading to a pulmonary embolism. This is a crucial aspect of venous thromboembolism (VTE) pathology. Factors such as hypovolemic states, prolonged immobility, and certain medical conditions can increase the likelihood of developing deep vein thrombus. Since pulmonary embolism often results from this condition, it is vital for healthcare providers to assess and monitor patients at risk for thrombus formation in order to implement preventative measures effectively. Understanding this connection underscores the importance of appropriate interventions, such as anticoagulant therapy and mobilization, especially in high-risk populations. The other options do not have the same direct link to pulmonary embolism. While hyperglycemia and hyperthermia may complicate a patient's overall status, they are not primary risk factors for developing clots that can cause a pulmonary embolism. Abdominal compartment syndrome involves increased intra-abdominal pressure and can lead to other complications, but again, it is not a