Progressive Care Nursing Certification (PCCN) Practice Exam

What pulmonary complication may arise as a result of acute pancreatitis?

1. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

2. Elevation of the diaphragm

3. Atelectasis, especially of the left base

4. All of the above

The correct answer is: All of the above

Acute pancreatitis can lead to a variety of pulmonary complications due to inflammatory processes and physiological changes. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a significant concern in the context of acute pancreatitis, often resulting from systemic inflammation and the release of toxic mediators into circulation. This condition involves increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane, leading to pulmonary edema and impaired gas exchange. Elevation of the diaphragm frequently occurs due to the swelling and inflammation associated with pancreatic inflammation. The diaphragm can be pushed upwards, which can reduce lung capacity and impair ventilation, resulting in possible hypoventilation or decreased functional residual capacity. Atelectasis, particularly in the left lung base, is also a potential complication. The left lower lobe is more susceptible due to the anatomical position of the pancreas and the potential for pleural effusion or other complications that impede normal lung expansion. This collapse of lung tissue can further exacerbate respiratory function. Considering these factors, the correct answer includes all the noted complications, as they may all arise from the pathophysiological processes of acute pancreatitis.