Progressive Care Nursing Certification (PCCN) Practice Exam

Which cardiac complication is most common following post-thoracic surgery?

1. Pneumonia

2. Atrial fibrillation

3. Fluid overload

4. Renal failure

The correct answer is: Atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac complication following post-thoracic surgery due to various factors associated with this type of surgical procedure. The stress of surgery can provoke a physiological response that includes inflammation and fluid shifts, which may lead to changes in the heart's electrical conduction system. Additionally, post-operative patients often experience increased sympathetic tone and may have electrolyte imbalances, particularly concerning potassium and magnesium levels, both of which can predispose individuals to atrial fibrillation. The mechanical manipulation of the heart and surrounding structures during thoracic surgery further contributes to the risk. While other conditions like pneumonia, fluid overload, and renal failure can occur after thoracic surgery, they are not specifically cardiac complications. Pneumonia is a respiratory issue, fluid overload relates to the heart's inability to manage volume status effectively, and renal failure is primarily a kidney concern. Thus, atrial fibrillation stands out as the predominant cardiac complication noted in the post-operative phase for these patients.