Progressive Care Nursing Certification (PCCN) Practice Exam

Which electrolyte abnormality should the nurse anticipate in a patient with chronic alcohol abuse?

1. Hypomagnesemia

2. Hyperphosphatemia

3. Hypercalcemia

4. Hyponatremia

The correct answer is: Hypomagnesemia

In patients with chronic alcohol abuse, the most commonly anticipated electrolyte abnormality is hypomagnesemia. This condition arises due to several factors associated with chronic alcoholism. Alcohol consumption can lead to inadequate dietary intake of magnesium, interfering with absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, alcohol can cause renal wasting of magnesium, exacerbating the deficiency. Hypomagnesemia is significant because magnesium plays crucial roles in various biochemical processes, including muscle function, nerve conduction, and cardiovascular stability. As such, monitoring and addressing magnesium levels is critical in patients with a history of chronic alcohol use, especially since they may also face complications such as increased risks for arrhythmias and neuromuscular disturbances. The other electrolyte abnormalities listed do not typically have the same prevalence in chronic alcohol abuse. Hyperphosphatemia commonly occurs in conditions involving renal failure. Hypercalcemia may be associated with malignancies or hyperparathyroidism rather than alcohol abuse. Hyponatremia can be seen in various clinical conditions, including heart failure, but it is not as directly linked to chronic alcohol use as hypomagnesemia. Understanding these associations helps nurses monitor and manage patients effectively.