Progressive Care Nursing Certification (PCCN) Practice Exam

Which mechanism may lead to the development of atelectasis?

1. Inadequate surfactant production

2. Reduction in respiratory effort

3. Airway obstruction

4. All of the above

The correct answer is: All of the above

All the listed mechanisms can contribute to the development of atelectasis, making the option that includes them all the most comprehensive and correct choice. Inadequate surfactant production can lead to atelectasis because surfactant is essential for reducing surface tension in the alveoli. When there isn’t enough surfactant, the alveoli may collapse, resulting in reduced lung volume and compromised gas exchange. This is particularly common in premature infants who have underdeveloped lungs. A reduction in respiratory effort can also lead to atelectasis, especially in patients who are sedated or have neuromuscular conditions. When breathing efforts decrease, a smaller volume of air reaches the alveoli, making them prone to collapse due to insufficient air pressure to keep them open. Airway obstruction is another significant factor that can cause atelectasis. When an airway is obstructed, either by mucus, foreign body, or other means, the air cannot reach the affected alveoli, leading to their collapse. This is often seen in postoperative patients who may have poor cough reflexes or in individuals with chronic lung diseases. Therefore, recognizing that all these mechanisms can lead to atelectasis underscores the complexity of airway management and the importance of maintaining adequate ventilation and pneumodynamics