Progressive Care Nursing Certification (PCCN) Practice Exam

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Which medication is considered appropriate for the prevention and treatment of alcohol withdrawal?

Haloperidol
Propofol
Lorazepam
No beneficial drug exists

The correct answer is: Lorazepam

Lorazepam is commonly recognized as the appropriate medication for the prevention and treatment of alcohol withdrawal due to its effectiveness in managing the symptoms associated with withdrawal. Alcohol withdrawal can lead to a range of symptoms, including anxiety, tremors, sweating, and in more severe cases, seizures and delirium tremens. Lorazepam, a benzodiazepine, works by enhancing the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which helps to calm the nervous system. This makes it particularly useful in alleviating the agitation and anxiety that often accompany withdrawal. In addition, benzodiazepines like lorazepam are well-documented for their safety and efficacy in alcohol withdrawal protocols. They are typically preferred over other sedatives because they not only help manage anxiety but also have anticonvulsant properties, which are crucial in preventing seizures that may occur during withdrawal. Other medications may help in managing specific symptoms of withdrawal or associated conditions, but lorazepam remains a cornerstone treatment for both prevention and treatment of alcohol withdrawal due to its fast action, safety profile, and versatility in dosing.