Progressive Care Nursing Certification (PCCN) Practice Exam

Which serious complication might occur if a patient with sepsis is not closely monitored?

1. Development of respiratory failure

2. Acute kidney injury

3. Cardiac arrest

4. Shock

The correct answer is: Shock

In patients with sepsis, the progression of the condition can lead to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which increases the risk of multiple organ dysfunction. Shock is a critical and serious complication that can occur if a patient is not closely monitored. It refers to a state of inadequate blood flow and oxygenation to tissues, resulting from the profound vasodilation and increased capillary permeability associated with sepsis. As sepsis advances, the body’s ability to compensate for decreased perfusion becomes compromised, which can lead to hypotension, decreased organ perfusion, and ultimately, multi-organ failure if not monitored and treated promptly. Thus, vigilant monitoring is essential to detect early signs of deterioration and intervene effectively to prevent shock from developing. While respiratory failure, acute kidney injury, and cardiac arrest are also serious complications associated with the progression of sepsis, shock represents a foundational issue that often leads to these other conditions. Sufficient monitoring can help to identify fluid resuscitation needs and other therapeutic strategies to maintain perfusion and organ function, making it crucial in the management of sepsis.